الكشف عن التغيرات في الغطاء النباتي في أرخبيل هيسا خلال الفترة 1980 - 2024 دراسة بيئية باستخدام تقنيات الرادار

This study holds significance as it identifies the areas of vegetation cover in the Heisa Archipelago, situated in Aswan, between the High Dam to the south and the Aswan Dam to the north. This region boasts a diverse range of vegetation cover locations, including Bigger Island. Bigger Island Heisa Island - Tingar Island - Awad Island - Agilkia Island. In addition to some sites on both sides of the Nile, including the northeastern part of the archipelago, which has a large area of vegetation compared to some other sites and the impact of various processes on increasing or decreasing the areas of this vegetation, the role of this research comes in identifying the state of vegetation in the region, in addition to identifying whether this cover is increasing or decreasing over a specific period of time. The focus of this study is to examine the changes in vegetation in the Hesa Archipelago from 1980 to 2024, utilizing radar images. The NDBI index, a special index for radar images and an abbreviation for Normalized Difference Backscatter Index, serves as one of the indicators for identifying vegetation changes. The NDVI index, an abbreviation for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, not only identifies the locations of plants in any area but also identifies the health of healthy plants and the density of vegetation. We will apply this index to the Sentinel-2 and Landsat satellite images. Therefore, it is possible to determine how the vegetation cover in the study area changed over the three periods, 1980–1995, 1996–2010, and 2011–2024, by using these indicators on radar and satellite images of the area during the given time period.

Keywords: Radar; Spectral Vegetation Indices; NDVI; Vegetation change; Hesa ​​Archipelago.